Siddhartha Essay: Use of Form, Symbolism, and Conflict -- Hesse Siddha

Use of Form, Symbolism, and Conflict in Siddhartha  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hermann Hesse uses the literary devices of form, symbolism, and conflict to develop his novel, Siddhartha.    Hermann Hesse's novel, Siddhartha, "is a novel of classical symmetry, a perfection achieved" (Hermann Hesse 25).   It tells the story of a young man who sets out to find his true self.   Throughout his journey, Siddhartha converts to various religions, searching for the one religion that will help him discover his identity.   As his journey continues, the main character is forced to overcome various obstacles in pursuit of his true self.   He learns the ways of reality and its many flaws.   As the story progresses, he comes across a river inhabited by Vasudeva, the ferryman, who teaches Siddhartha to find the holy Om by listening to the river.   Finally, Siddhartha becomes satisfied with his newfound religion, which offers him his identity and his true happiness.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hesse employs a structured form throughout the novel, dividing the work into three sections, each section containing three chapters.   An interlude follows each section, signaling a change in the character's way of living (http://www.ic.ucsb.edu/~ggotts/hesse/works/jensid.html). This structure remains uniform throughout the entire novel, helping to establish its framework.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In dividing his literary work into three sections of three chapters, Hesse uses each section to depict another new beginning in Siddhartha's continuing search for his life's meaning.   The first section deals with Siddhartha's Brahmin beliefs, and as the first section progresses, he continuously moves away from the Brahmin religion.   As a result, he makes a change, leading into the first sec... ...ngly impossible journey, thus discovering his true identity.    Works Cited: Freedman, Ralph. The Lyrical Novel.   Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963 Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998. Welch, Carolyn Roberts. Cliff's Notes on Hesse's Steppenwolf and Siddhartha. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliff's Notes Inc., 1923.   Ziolkowski, Theodore. Hermann Hesse.   Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1966 Ziolkowski, Theodore. Hermann Hesse: A Study in Theme and Structure. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.   Ziolkowski, Theodore. Hesse: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973   http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/jawaayu/hesse.html http://www.hermann-hesse.com/html/english/e.biographiw.html   http://http://www.ic.ucsb.edu/~ggotts/hesse/works/jensid.html

The Water Wars In Central Asia Environmental Sciences Essay

â€Å" Water promises to be to the twenty-first century what oil was to the twentieth century: the cherished trade good that determines the wealth of states † . The 20th century governed states with the kernel of industry – rough oil. Even today it is the focal point of international struggle, ordering a states ability to map in both planetary political relations and the planetary economic system. The 21st century promises to regulate states with the kernel of life – clean H2O. Driven by fickle conditions forms, intensive irrigation, and population force per unit areas, H2O is increasingly going a scarce trade good and is developing into a accelerator of international instability and struggle. An illustration of H2O ‘s ability to impact an country in the 21st century can be found in the Central Asian States, and the dehydration of the Aral Sea. The enlargement of irrigated agricultural land area and hydroelectric power, determined to be the root causes of the Aral Sea catastrophe, have continued due to miss of collaborative action by the freshly independent provinces of the part. The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya supply fresh water to the upstream provinces of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Southeastern Kazakhstan, and the downstream states Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. These states are going progressively competitory over H2O in the part, go forthing the dehydration of natural formations like the Aral Sea as an acceptable cost. The competition over H2O comes from the H2O intensive cotton harvest, which dominates the agribusiness in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. Cotton provides a important foreign currency earn er for the part and is a major supplier of employment, but demands big sums of H2O from the part, which the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers struggle to supply. The indiscriminate usage of H2O to fuel cotton production has been in pattern since the early 1960 ‘s and is doing terrible environmental jobs, such as the drying of the Aral Sea, clime alteration, H2O and dirt salt, and H2O, dirt and air pollution. Increasing poverty, quickly turning populations, and the pattern of â€Å" economic patriotism † alternatively of regional cooperation by the autocratic governments of part, are the ingredients for future tenseness, societal instability, and possible struggle in Central Asia. These developments will be interpreted in a political economic system model, going from the Soviet ‘s forced cotton production, which is analyzed in the 2nd subdivision of this paper. Water is an progressively scarce resource in the part that is under force per unit area stemming from economic involvements, such as hydroelectric coevals and agricultural production. The environmental involvements of biodiversity, bettering supports of the part ‘s population and the resurgence of the Aral Sea are underrepresented and hence unheard. The environmental debasement of the Aral Sea is examined in greater item in the 3rd subdivision of this paper. The dehydration of the Aral Sea has far making effects in the part, impacting the clime and biodiversity. Desert air currents can transport 1000000s of dozenss of contaminated sand and salt from the country that was one time the Aral Sea, and lodge them on agricultural land all over the part. The effects of these polluted sand and salt sedimentations are farther amplified by the hapless drainage systems and the eventful H2O logging, that have caused dirt salt to go an increasing environmental job. Rising salt degrees have cause the ecology of the part to degrade to the point where many countries are going inhospitable, due to the barbarous downward spiral fueled by poorness and environmental debasement. The concluding subdivision critics the institutional model behind the H2O direction of the part. Foregrounding the displacement from a centrally run allotment of H2O by the Ministries of Land Reclamation and Water Resources ( Minvodkhoz ) located in Moscow to more regionally located signifiers of H2O direction, following the prostration of the Soviet Union. Since so it has become imperative that upstream states like Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Southeastern Kazakhstan jointly allocate H2O resources with downstream states like Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. New establishments have been created to supervise this procedure as each twelvemonth, at the presidential degree ; understandings are negotiated to stipulate the sum of H2O allocated to each state. There has been small alteration at the micro-level except in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where Water Users ‘ Associations ( WUA ) have been established. In both Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, both major consumer s of H2O, the cardinal allotment and direction of H2O is still practiced in the absence of local reforms. The â€Å" usage it or lose it † rule, the result of the Soviet ‘s centrally planned H2O allotment patterns, are still in pattern due to the deficiency of countenances forestalling the abuse or inducements advancing the preservation of H2O. The continued ingestion of H2O at current degrees, coupled with the low efficiency ratios soon practiced, will take to increased degrees of dirt salt and the farther irreversible debasement of the Aral Sea basin. In a divided Central Asia stricken with a deteriorating environment, the scarceness of H2O has lead to increased tensenesss and may, given clip, lead to serious struggle. Many in the part believe that entree to H2O is â€Å" God-Given, † which contributes to the local authorities ‘s deficiency of concrete action against the current scarceness confronting the part, that is itself semisynthetic. Merely reduced and more efficient ingestion of H2O in Aral Sea basin supervised by efficient micro and macro-organizations, coupled with interregional cooperation, would be able to come on the part to a sustainable hereafter.The Soviet ‘s Management of WaterThe former Soviet Central Asia consists of chiefly steppes and comeuppances. This environment had traditionally limited the development of colonies and the attach toing agribusiness to oases, fed by rivers or belowground reservoirs known as aquifers. Soviet regulation changed all this, with forced collectivisation. Much of the traditional methods of sustainable cropping forms were forcibly altered to large-scale individual harvest methods that required a H2O direction substructure composed of surface irrigation systems. Regions like the Fergana Valley that were irrigated and specialized in cotton as a hard currency harvest, had a considerable comparative advantage over countries non bring forthing â€Å" white gold † . In the early 1960 ‘s Moscow took notice of this comparative advantage and began to make a quasi-monoculture, turning Cardinal Asia into a natural stuffs manufacturer for the fabric industries of the more cardinal Soviet Union. Cotton rapidly became the life-bread of the outer agriculturally based Soviet democracies, an indispensable trade good in their political economic systems. This patterned advance is illustrated by the province of Uzbekistan, which became one the largest cotton bring forthing states in the universe. The success or failure of cotton began to order the destiny of political elites in the Soviet Socialistic Republics ( SSRs ) , which lead to extended corruptness such as the over and underreporting of cotton production and the forced organisation of labou r to optimise cotton production. These corrupt patterns shortly became basiss of Uzbek, Tajik, and Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republics ‘ economic systems and the agricultural industry of the part. As the production of cotton in the Central Asiatic part increased quickly, the demand for H2O became despairing, due to the clime ‘s agricultural inhospitality and demand for irrigation. Water, at the clip, seemed copiously supplied by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya and lead to the building of great canals like the KaraKum canal, stretching more than 1,100 kilometer from the Amu Darya to Turkmenistan. The cragged countries of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan are the get downing point for both rivers, which are mostly consumed by the agriculturally demanding countries of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This division between upstream and downstream states and the resulting differential entree is one of the chief causes of tenseness refering H2O use in the part. The moneymaking enlargement of cotton land area, best illustrated by Uzbekistan, created a quickly increasing demand for agricultural irrigation, and began deviating mass measures of H2O to provide it. In Uzbekistan cotton ‘s enlargement was unprecedented, spread outing from an end product of 441,600 hectares in 1913, to 1,022,600 sunburns in 1940, to 1,427,900 sunburns in 1960, to every bit much as 2,103,000 sunburns in 1987. In Uzbekistan cotton became known as â€Å" King Cotton † , providing a antecedently bare state with an unprecedented hard currency harvest and provided employment to the bulk of its citizens. The Uzbek ‘s flourishing cotton industry had one fatal defect: it relied wholly on the handiness of H2O, in a part missing abundant H2O. The efficiency of H2O use was minimum due to a hapless substructure trusting on unlined and exposed canals, where escape is highly high, with the bulk of H2O either evaporating or oozing into the land. These inefficient H2O direction patterns lead to a diminishing sum of H2O really making the Aral Sea, and by the 1960 ‘s the sum of H2O making the Aral Sea began to dunk below the 50 kmA? to keep the sea degree at the clip. In the 30 old ages that followed ( 1960-1990 ) , the Aral Sea shank to merely half its original surface country. By the twelvemonth 2007 the Aral Sea had shrunk to merely ten per centum of its original size. The lay waste toing toll on the environment caused by the irresponsible, regulated, and irreguardless ingestion of H2O in the part, at this point can non be reversed, and has threatened to do the full part inhospitable due to the salinization of its dirt. Interestingly plenty the drying out of the Aral Sea did non halt or even decelerate during the decennary of passage from Soviet regulation. The freshly independent states were concerned with their ain single wellbeing, with a focal point on the employment and foreign currency cotton production brought, instead than that of the part as a whole. The states of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, were trapped politically to maintain cotton production changeless even when spread outing the production of other harvests. This was due to cotton ‘s incontestable value in the states ‘ economic systems, disenabling policy shapers from traveling to more sustainable resource direction even if they wanted to. The agricultural demand for H2O by the downstream states and the hydroelectric demand by upstream states, over the last 10 old ages, have non been contained. Agricultural H2O usage has remained more or less the same, even with a displacement to more diverse and sustainable harvests. Overall cropping forms for the Central Asiatic part was 40 % cotton and 7 % wheat in 1990, which shifted to 35 % cotton and 30 % wheat by 2000. This displacement resulted in no bead in H2O ingestion, even though wheat is a less water-intense harvest. This is due to the parts deficiency of efficient H2O conveyance substructure and H2O direction, show by the remarkably high demand for H2O, in comparing to other cotton bring forthing states. The deficiency of authorities financess to better substructure and educate citizens about efficient H2O direction could be blamed, but in all world the demand for a revival of self-sustainable agriculture patterns in the part is what is truly needed.Management & A ; Refo rmsAfter the prostration of the Soviet Union, the centralized and regionally focussed H2O direction tactics antecedently practiced were abandoned. New national and regional organisations were formed during the passage period after 1991. An understanding was reached during February of 1992 to organize the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination ( ICWC ) , comprised of the five freshly independent Central Asian states. This organisation was responsible for H2O allotment in the Aral Sea basin, but lacked the foresight to turn to jobs like H2O quality, salt, and the authorization to efficaciously pull off possible struggle state of affairss that could happen. In March of 1993 a subsequent understanding established organisations like the Interstate Council on the Aral Sea ( ICAS ) , moving as an consultative commission for the five provinces of the part. This lead to the formation of the International Fund for the Aral Sea ( IFAS ) in order to fund the assorted activities of ICAS, f ollowed by the constitution of a Sustainable Development Commission, concentrating on protecting the environment of the part and socioeconomic development. ICAS and IFAS were shortly merged to organize a new IFAS empowered by a board of deputy curates, giving the organisation comparatively more power. At the basin degree of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya, H2O direction was delegated to single Water Basin Associations or Basseynoe Vodnoe Ob'edinenie ( BVOs ) . These organisations oversaw the H2O direction of basins that affected five freshly independent provinces, including the communicating substructure, pumping systems, canals, power supply, and distribution systems from the several rivers beginning to its basin on the Aral Sea. These BVOs did non nevertheless control drainage, as this duty fell to the national H2O governments. Dispite the bureaucratic muss that the complexnesss and sheer figure of bureaus that were created to cover with H2O direction in the part, organisations like the BVOs lacked the support of international jurisprudence, intending that understandings and resource direction put for the by these organisations could be ignored with no effect. This deficiency of authorization is farther illustrated by the absent acknowledgment by province legislative assemblies and the support duties, proportionate to H2O allotment portions, which merely two of five states on a regular basis complied with. The deficit of support besides hampered the ability of BVOs and similar organisations to map and even keep the basic substructure that they were founded to set up. Originally IFAS was to be financed yearly by allotments of one per centum of the five member states Gross National Product, this figure was reduced to 0.3 % for Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, and to 0.1 % for Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. These decreases in budget allotments were farther impeded by late payments and the deficiency of payment wholly, as some provinces concluded that the financess allocated for IFAS would be better utilized within their ain boundary lines. This meant that organisations like IFAS could non number on regular parts to fund direct operationa l costs or to fund larger substructure care, fix, and betterment doing the bing H2O direction construction to farther deteriorate.

Critical Analysis - 656 Words

INTRODUCTION John Schmidt is an employee who injured his hand doing the movement of a piece of wood through a table saw while in the production shop. John claims that the company is to bless because the machine was not safe for use. His manager, foreman and the Safety Department are all involved in the investigation. A Critical Analysis in process to determine who was at fault and what measures could have prevented issue occurrence and the precautions which can be implemented to prevent a reoccurrence. EXPLANATION OF THE ISSUE OR PROBLEM On June 7th, doing a normal work way, an employee by the name of John Schmidt was moving a piece of wood through a table saw. John was then injured doing this movement. Many factors are being†¦show more content†¦When handing machinery, certain protective equipment must be worn as noted on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration homepage. Workers must use personal protective equipment, such as safety glasses, goggles, welding helmets, or welding face shields. (https://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.athruz?pType=IndustrypID=158). Determining if the employee was wearing the necessary prospective equipment should be another important aspect of the Safety Department’s Mishap investigation. PERSONAL OR SUMMARIZED CONCLUSION AND PROPOSED DECISIONS As you can see, it is not imperative to know everything, but it is imperative to know how to find the right answers in every situation. As a manager, all the answers to issues may not be easily found. However, using a proper investigation approach can help determine if the employee or the employer was at fault. Learning how to examine all the data, how to dig through all your sources to find what you need to know is the best approach to any investigation. 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Ethical Mistakes Of The 2008 Financial Crisis Essay

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Creating A New Storage Scheme - 1560 Words

Hourglass Schemes: [1] As mentioned in the introduction, ensuring files confidentiality is a major issue in cloud computing. The authors of this paper introduce a new storage scheme called the HourGlass. In this scheme the cloud server is forced to save files in a way that enable clients challenges, the server’s response ensures clients that their files are safely stored. In most cloud providers, clients files are stored in an encrypted way based on some predefined agreement between the client and the cloud provider. Then clients can challenge the server to send back the encrypted files in timely manners. The problem with this scenario is with current resources and computation powers, the servers can easily encrypt files on the fly and†¦show more content†¦This is most likely to exceed the time limit and hence the client will know that the server is not storing their files is a secure manner. The second property is also important because this scheme should not introduce any complication to the clients when trying to access their file. When legitimate clients want to access their files on the server, they should also be easily able to uncover the hourglass encapsulation, decrypt their file and read the plain text. We will describe the proposed protocol using the following notations: F: the plaintext file, CipherF: the encrypted file, X: The output of the hourglass function that will be stored on the server, C: the client, S: the server, HG: the hourglass function, E: encryption function, RNG(): random number generator that will be used by the client , A B: M: A sending M to B. The protocol is as follows: Client Server F C S: F F CipherF = E(F) X = HG(CipherF) Discard F, Store X i = GEN(), start timer C S: i i Stop timer C S: block i of X Verify response Remark: this is a simplified version of the actual protocol; more details will be introduced in the final report. The client can verify the server response either by computing HG and storing it on the client side or by other means that will be explained in the final report. The

The Social and Economic Hardships of Women and Blacks Free Essays

The 19th century was a difficult time for many women and blacks because of the domination of white men over them. The social and economic hardships they faced in day to day life was a constant reminder of this domination. The social ideology in the story â€Å"Desiree†s Baby† was powerful and dangerous and held no escape for any character. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social and Economic Hardships of Women and Blacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now A woman with small children who lost her husband would face extreme hardships without the support of close family members. One who happened to be down on their luck would not find much sympathy among their peers even with children. Kate Chopin was one of these individuals who was down on her luck with six children. But fortunately had the support and comfort of her mother for a short period before her mother passed away. A friend advised this mother of six children that writing was a way to solve her problems concerning money and help deal with her grief. Maternal love and all the grief from losing loved ones were to be an attribute to the writing proficiency of this literary artist. This period in Louisiana was not tolerant for mixed ancestry and one found to be non-white would be ostracized from the white community. There were some whites in Louisiana who was not racist but they would still have to follow a strict code of segregation and social guidelines or risk social or bodily death. Kate Chopin was born fourteen years before slavery was abolished so must have had strong feeling on the subject. She no doubt saw mixed ancestry in the black communities and realized the cause of it. This story crosses the line into the covert world of mixed ancestry and the problems it produced. The racism in the story is not discussed openly but is prudently mixed in with Armand†s atrocious character and his evil soul. Armand†s evil was deep as he forsakes his loving wife, infant son, and God. The story some proclaim contributed to Chopin†s early success was â€Å"Desiree†s Baby† in this story she mixed many feminist emotions from maternal love, to a wife†s love and devotion to her estranged husband. During this period, some found it tolerable to leave a baby on the doorsteps of a family to provide a chance at a better life. This was an important point in the story when the Monsieur found the baby Desiree near the front gate, it would mean that Desiree would probably never be aware of her biological parents ancestry. The chance a baby with both parents would be dropped off is not logical but was probably a single mother. A single mother knew there was little help to be found and the child would be hard pressed for a descent upbringing socially and economically speaking. Desiree grew into a beautiful and gentle-hearted young woman and soon found a wealthy suitor asking for her hand. This young suitor had known of Desiree†s past but was in love and did not care of this seemingly innocent unknown factor of her past. This suitor, Armand Aubigny was racist and wretched but the young bride was in love and looked past his flawed character. The concept of young Armand falling instantly in love after seeing Desiree standing by the gate is a bit suspicious and sounds more like infatuation. The evil in Armand did not come from his parents and the black employees were cheerful when he was growing up so it is an open question concerning his acquired hatred. The blacks were cheerful while his father was alive but was not during Armand†s strict management of the L†Abri. Armand had changed to a kinder man after his marriage and the birth of his son and it may have been the only time in his life he was truly happy. The death of his mother while living in France when he was eight years old may have had a precarious effect on his character. The way Madame Valmonde described the L†Abri as â€Å"a sad looking place, which for many years had not known the gentle presence of a mistress†(1), may have been a hint at Armands evil nature being tied to having no maternal influence during most of his boyhood. Madame Valmonde noticed the baby†s mixed ancestry immediately when she went for a visit, exclaiming out loud at first sight of him â€Å"this is not the baby†(2), Desiree thought she was referring to how big the baby had grown. Madame Valmonde looked closely at the baby and new that it was indeed of mixed ancestry but did not mention it to her daughter, this I believe was her way of hoping for the best. Madame Valmonde was wealthy but knew her influence would not be enough to help if anyone found out the baby was black. This would also mean certain social destruction for Desiree having given birth to a black child. The environment changed quickly on the L† Abri and Desiree was not aware of the circumstances that had changed it. Her husband had recognized that the baby was not white and had turned into his old malicious self and was ignoring his family in vain. One of La Blanche†s quadroon boys was near the baby when Desiree noticed the resemblance of the skin color between the boy and her baby. Desiree confronted Armand and asked him to explain what the baby†s color meant and how it happened, Armand immediately and harshly accuses Desiree of not being white like the baby. The quadroon boy is one quarter Negro ancestry and so his mother La Blanch is also of mixed ancestry. This is important to know because Armand compares Desiree with that of La Blanch when he tells her she is not white. Armand was quoted as hearing the baby crying from â€Å"as far away as La Blanch†s cabin†(2), the reason he was at the cabin could be he was using La Blanch sexually. This would explain the quadroon boys. The practice of raping a slave or employee in those days was not uncommon. Desiree compares her skin color to that of Armand who is much darker than she is but he is not bothered by this inconsistency in his reasoning. Desiree begged her mother Valmonde for help in explaining to everyone that she is indeed white. Valmonde did not respond to Desiree†s cry for help but just offered a place to stay for Desiree and the baby. This was a strong blow for Desiree who felt she was now isolated in her fight for justice against Armands unjust allegations. The struggle Desiree was trying to overcome was a losing one and mainly because of the dominance of men over women at the time. Armand did not relent in his persecution of Desiree and the baby. This demented individuals main goal was to crush the soul of Desiree and to punish God for what he feels was his unjust treatment. Desiree finally went to Armand one last time hoping that his psychotic episode would be over but Armand did not deviate telling her he wanted her and the baby to leave. The Crushed and broken Desiree finally made the fateful decision that there was no other life for her and the baby. This decision led to Desiree†s suicide and the baby†s infanticide alone in the bayou. There would be no social life or chance of a second family for a white woman with a black child during this time period. Armand†s psychotic episode continued and he burnt everything belonging to Desiree and the baby or that reminded him of them. Fear was something Armand did not know because he always had domination over everything around him, but with the baby being black he had social rejection to fear. It was during this episode that he discovered a letter from his mother to his father that revealed that it was indeed he who was black. God did enact the final revenge with the appearance of the letter. The story touches on several social issues that would not be talked about in specific places and times. The interracial conceiving of children, mans dominance over his wife, and whites dominance over blacks were all depicted in the story. In conclusion, the struggle for women and blacks continue and with changing social attitudes some things are improving for them but hatred and bias will be around for a long time. How to cite The Social and Economic Hardships of Women and Blacks, Essay examples

Statistical Data Analysis Business Decision Makers

Question: Discuss about the Statistical Data Analysis for Business Decision Makers. Answer: Introduction In each and every business data is generated. The data generated by the business can be analysed to provide useful insights into the business. The analysis of the data is generally done through the use of statistics. The results of the data analysis are important for the business manager, since on the basis of the analysis he takes decisions. The present report presents the analysis of the data on tourism sector which can be used to take business decisions. The present data is a survey of 50 accommodation providers. From an analysis of the data is found that 2 accommodation providers have not had any guests, and thus the data on the 2 accommodation providers is missing. Hence, the data contains the survey for only 48 accommodation providers. The discrete random variable selected is the number of beds. The continuous random variable is the average time spent by the guests at the accommodations. Descriptive Statistics The continuous variable selected is the average time spent by a guest in the accommodation. The descriptive statistics are shown in table 1 of Appendices (Sheet CI in Excel File). From the table we find that the average time spent by a guest at BB is 7.7150 hours which is more than the average time spent at the hotel, 7.5391 hours. The median hours spent by a guest at BB is 7.41 hours, which is more than the median hours spent by a guest at hotel 7.05 hours. The minimum and maximum time spent at BB is 5.96 hours is 11.95 hours. The minimum and maximum time spent at Hotels is 6.25 hours is 11.46 hours. The interquartile range of time spent at BB is 1.8250 which is more than the interquartile range of time spent at the hotel, 1.1550. Figure 1: Distribution of data for type of Accommodation (source created by author) From the figure (Sheet CI in Excel File) we find that the minimum and maximum time spent by a guest at the hotel is more than that at BB. Discrete Random Variable The discrete random variable can be defined as that variable whose values are discrete eg., the star rating of the accommodations. We calculated the probability of the star ratings of the accommodations (table 4 sheet 4 in Excel File). Inferential Statistics Confidence interval (CI) can be defined as the probability that the mean will lie within the given intervals. The 95% CI is given in table 2 of appendices (Sheet CI in Excel File). From the table we find that the 95% of the CI of average time spent by a guest at BB accommodations 6.9411 and 8.4889 hours with a mean of 7.7150 hours. Hence, there is a 95% probability that in a similar survey of 50 BB accommodations we would find that the mean time that a guest spends lies between 6.9411 hours and 8.4889 hours. The 95% CI for hotel accommodations is 7.0813 and 7.9968 hours with a mean of 7.5391 hours. Hence, we can say that in a similar survey of 50 hotel accommodations that there is a 95% probability that the mean time that a guest spends lies between 7.0813 and 7.9968 hours. Normal Distribution Normal distribution is used by statisticians for use in a whole array of data analysis. The normal distribution is generally depicted as a bell shaped curve. The normal distribution has also been described as a Gaussian distribution. For a normal distribution the probability distribution function is: In the above equation the mean of the normal distribution is given by m. The standard deviation of the normal distribution is given by s. In a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode are all equal. The mean, median and mode together are known as central tendency. In addition for a normal distribution the mean is equal to zero and the standard deviation is equal to 1. Normal distribution is a continuous distribution which is symmetric about the mean (Black 2016). Statisticians use the normal distribution to analyse the sampling distribution. In a survey (like in present case of tourism data) or business data if it is assumed that a variable is normally distributed then the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution can be established. The properties of normal distribution are applied for the analysis of the sampling distribution. Inferential statistics In inferential statistics we try to make inferences about the population from the sample data. We can also use inferential statistics to make probability estimates of the population. The central limit theorem is the basis of inferential statistics (Lomax and Hahs-Vaughn 2012). Inferential statistics provides us with the ability to draw conclusions about the populations with the help of the sample data. However the process by which the sample is collected is useful in determining the statistics that can be derived / inferred. The simple random sampling is important to make inferences since it is easy to make generalizations about the population from the sample. Regression analysis Regression analysis is used to predict the dependent variable from the independent variable. In the present assignment linear regression is used to predict the response variable (revenue on sample night) from the predictor variable (number of guests taking dinner). The linear regression model used is . In the above equation Y is the response variable and X is the predictor variable. The regression model can be described as: Revenue on sample night = b0 + b1 * Number of guests taking dinner. From the regression statistics we find that the regression equation is Revenue on sample night = 713.3846 + 46.19 * Number of guests taking dinner (table 5) In addition the R2 value is 0.677, which means that the 67.7% of the revenue generated can be predicted with the variable number of guests (table 6 Sheet Tourism in Excel Sheet). Interpolation and Extrapolation are important concepts in Regression analysis. Interpolation means predicting within the range and extrapolation means predicting outside the range of the sample. For example lets us take that on a particular night there were 80 guests taking dinner. Hence from the regression equation we can say that the revenue generated would be: Revenue generated = 713.3846 + 46.19 * Number of guests taking dinner = 713.3846 + 46.18 * 80 = 4407.78 Hence we can predict that, given on a particular night there would be 80 guests the revenue generated would be 4407.78. In addition, we are 67.7 % confident that 4407.78 would be generated. Hypothesis testing In statistics a hypothesis testing is used to investigate whether a given condition is true in a sample data. All hypothesis tests examine the presence of a Null hypothesis or an alternate hypothesis. For the present data we tested the hypothesis that the average time spent by a guest at BB type accommodation more than Hotel accommodation. Thus the null hypothesis for the present hypothesis: the average time spent at BB accommodation = the average time spent at Hotel Accommodation. The alternate hypothesis: the average time spent at BB accommodation the average time spent at Hotel Accommodation. To test the hypothesis we used the independent sample t-test assuming unequal variances. From table 7 (Sheet CI in Excel File) we find that the p-value is 0.704 (two tailed). Hence we find that there are statistically no significant differences between the mean time spent by a guest at BB accommodation compared to the mean time spent by a guest at a hotel. The p-value is used to evaluate the null hypothesis. If the p-value is more than the 0.05 (the significance level) then we fail to reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is less than 0.05 then we accept the alternate the hypothesis. Conclusion In the present assignment we analysed a discrete random variable and a continuous random variable. After analysing the DRV and CRV we proceeded to forecast the revenue collected through the number of guests present at night through the use of regression analysis. As an extension of the regression analysis we predicted the revenue that can be collected when the number of guests would be 80. In addition we tested the hypothesis that the average occupancy at BB accommodation is more than that at hotels. Recommendation From an analysis of the above data we find that two of the BB accommodations did not have any guests. Also we find that BB have lesser number of guests as compared to Hotel accommodations. In addition we find that the number of guests taking breakfast at BB type accommodation is less as against Hotel accommodation. Thus BB type accommodation should try to investigate why lesser number of guests is staying at these accommodations even though they are cheap. Also they should try to find the reason behind less number of guests taking breakfast. More number of guests taking at BB accommodations can increase the revenue of BB accommodations. References Wang, M., Lu, Q., Chi, R.T. and Shi, W., 2015. How word-of-mouth moderates room price and hotel stars for online hotel booking an empirical investigation with Expedia data. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 16(1), p.72. Ladhari, R. and Michaud, M., 2015. eWOM effects on hotel booking intentions, attitudes, trust, and website perceptions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 46, pp.36-45. Black, K. (2016). Business Statistics, John Wiley. Lomax, R. and Hahs-Vaughn, D. (2012). An introduction to statistical concepts. 1st ed. New York: Routledge.